Traumatic Brain Injury and the Temporal Lobe
In this post, I am going to explain the temporal lobe of the brain and its function. I will also discuss how a TBI impacts the temporal lobe, best practices for recovery, and resources.
The temporal lobe is responsible for memory, emotions, and language. When the temporal lobe is injured, the impact can be devastating. It can affect a person's ability to create memories, regulate their emotions, use and understand language, and even recognize faces. According to the NIH, the temporal lobe covers 16% in the right and 17% in the left hemisphere, of the brain.
This post will provide insights into:
Understanding what the temporal lobe of the brain does
The potential results of a TBI in the temporal lobe
Accessing appropriate medical and therapeutic interventions
Additional resources
The temporal lobe is critical in the areas of: memory, emotions, and language. When the temporal lobe becomes injured, the impact can be life-changing.
Temporal Lobe injuries can impact:
The ability to form memories
Regulate emotions
Use and understand language
Recognize familiar faces and common objects
The temporal lobe also plays a role in processing sensory information.
For example: When you hear a sound, that is sensory input because hearing is one of our five senses. That sensory input (the sound) from the sound goes to the temporal lobe for processing so you can make sense of and comprehend speech and language. Understanding the basics of the temporal lobe and TBI is important, but can be overwhelming for individuals and their caregivers.
Functions of the Temporal Lobe
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is deep within the temporal lobe and is responsible for forming new memories and consolidating them into long-term memory. It allows us to remember events, facts, and experiences, shaping our personal stories. Damage to the hippocampus from a traumatic brain injury can result in significant memory impairments, making it challenging to form new memories or remember past events.
Amygdala
The amygdala, another important part of the temporal lobe, is responsible for processing emotions, especially fear and aggression. The amygdala helps someone recognize and respond to emotional stimuli, contributing to our ability to interpret and navigate the complex landscape of human emotions. For example, when a patient with a temporal lobe TBI has damage to the amygdala an external event can make the patient feel mad. Instead of using coping mechanisms or detaching from the situation, the patient may react as aggressive or impulsive. When the amygdala is damaged, individuals may experience difficulties regulating their emotions or recognizing emotional cues from others.
Auditory Cortex
The auditory cortex is also located within the temporal lobe. The auditory cortex processes auditory input and information. It processes sounds or sets of sounds that we hear to recognize speech and understand spoken language. A patient with a temporal lobe TBI can have difficulties in understanding speech or recognizing familiar sounds.
Causes of Temporal Lobe Traumatic Brain Injuries
There are various causes of a temporal lobe TBI. These include falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and assaults. The risk factors for sustaining a temporal lobe traumatic brain injury can vary depending on the circumstances. More information about the most common causes of traumatic brain injury!
Diagnosing a TBI
Diagnosing a temporal lobe TBI can be challenging because symptoms may overlap with other conditions. Medical professionals will often perform a full assessment to diagnose the extent and location of the injury.
These tests may include:
Neurological tests
Imaging scans
Cognitive assessments
Early and accurate TBI diagnosis is important for developing an effective treatment plan
Treatment for a Temporal Lobe TBI
After a TBI injuring the temporal lobe the patient and caregiver can explore various treatment options. Treatment plans should be specific to the patient and their specific needs and symptoms, no two brain injuries are the same. Medications may be helpful, based on your doctor's medical opinion only. Medications can help manage symptoms such as seizures, headaches, or mood disorders.
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in brain injury recovery. Speech therapy helps patients regain their cognitive and communication skills. Occupational therapy can help patients regain skills for daily activities like managing medications, driving, and cooking. Physical therapy can help TBI patients in helping regain mobility and balance. Psychotherapy can provide emotional support and coping mechanisms.
Coping Strategies and Support Systems
Learning to live with a TBI and adjusting to the new normal can be overwhelming. There are strategies that can help TBI survivors during the recovery process. Two coping strategies for TBI patients are developing a daily routine and create structure. These strategies help to create stability and predictability. Breaking large projects down to smaller tasks can help decrease overwhelm. External memory aids are helpful in reducing cognitive overload and memory challenges for TBI patients, here are a few:
External Memory Aids:
Calendars (paper or phone)
Reminders (post-its, reminders and alarms on cell phone)
Written Check lists
Having a strong support system is essential for individuals with temporal lobe TBI. Strong family and friend circles are helpful. Support groups and online communities can also offer a sense of belonging and understanding. I highly encourage local support groups!
Emotional and Psychological Impact of a TBI
The emotional and psychological impact of temporal lobe TBI are significant. It is common for a temporal lobe TBI patient to experience feelings of frustration, anger, sadness, or even depression. PLEASE seek professional help when needed to address these emotional challenges. It is SO important that we help address the patient's emotional challenges as much as their others challenges. Licensed therapists can provide techniques and strategies for managing emotions and help the patient adapt to their new normal.
Brain Injury Caregiver Education:
Caregivers also play a crucial role in the recovery process. It is so important to practice self care as a caregiver, but that is easier said than done. Caregiver support groups are available with other people having similar experiences. Caring for someone with temporal lobe TBI can be physically and emotionally demanding.
For brain injury caregivers my biggest recommendations are:
Educating themselves about the injury
Attending support groups
Reach out to professionals can help caregivers navigate their own emotional journey
Hope for Recovery
The experience of navigating temporal lobe traumatic brain injury may seem impossible. But, it is important to remember that recovery is possible. With the right therapy, support, and medical care, recovery from a TBI is possible.
Some of the most important things you can do as a TBI survivor or caregiver:
Understanding the role of the temporal lobe and common symptoms associated with TBI
Having access to appropriate medical and therapeutic intervention
Incorporating coping strategies